Architects

Europe

Personal information
Name : Frank Lloyd Wright
Nationality : American
Birth date :
June 8, 1867(1867-06-08)
Birth place :
Richland Center, Wisconsin
Date of death :
April 9, 1959 (aged 91)
Place of death :
Phoenix, Arizona
Work
Significant buildings:
Robie HouseFallingwaterJohnson Wax BuildingSolomon R. Guggenheim MuseumTaliesin
Significant projects :
Florida Southern College

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Thomas Jefferson Memorial

U.S. Capitol

Washington Monument

Supreme Court of the United States

Smithsonian Institution

Federal Hall, 1830s, New York,

South facade of the White House

Log Cabin

A log cabin is a small house built from logs. It is a simple type of log house. A distinction should be drawn between the traditional meanings of "log cabin" and "log house." "Log cabin" generally denotes a simple one, or one-and-one-half story structure, somewhat impermanent, and less finished or less architecturally sophisticated.

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

The Architecture of the United States includes a wide variety of architectural styles over its history. Architecture in the US is regionally diverse and has been shaped by many external forces, and can therefore be said to be eclectic, something unsurprising in such a multicultural society.

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Nipa Hut

The nipa hut also known as bahay kubo, is an indigenous house used in the Philippines. The native house is constructed out of bamboo tied together, with a thatched roof using nipa/anahaw leaves.

Nipa huts were the native houses of the indigenous people of the Philippines before the Spaniards arrived. They are still used today, especially in rural areas. Different architectural designs are present among the different ethno-linguistic groups in the country, although all of them conform to being stilt houses, similar to those found in neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Palau, and the Pacific Islands.

The Church of the Holy Sacrifice

San Augustine church Paoay, Ilocos Norte, July 2005

Metropolitan Theater Manila August 2006


The interior of the San Agustín Church in Intramuros, with magnificent trompe l'oeil mural on its ceiling and walls.

PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

The Architecture of the Philippines is a reflection of the history and heritage of the Philippines. The most prominent historic constructions in the archipelago are from the Spanish Colonial period, though much Philippine architecture is also influenced by Japanese, Malay, Hindu, Chinese, and American cultures.

The pre-colonial architecture of the Philippines consisted of the Nipa hut made from natural materials. A great variety of the Nipa hut exists over the Philippines.

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Trellick Tower, London featuring the brutalist architecture of Ernő Goldfinger.

The Seagram Building, New York City, 1958. One of the finest examples of the functionalist aesthetic and a masterpiece of corporate modernism.

Marina City (left) and IBM Plaza (right) in Chicago

MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Modern architecture is a set of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and creation of ornament from the structure and theme of the building. The first variants were conceived early in the 20th century. Modern architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, however very few "Modern buildings" were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades.

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Baroque church of São Francisco de Assis in São João del Rei, Brazil, by Aleijadinho, 1777

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

St. Mary Church

Cossack Baroque of St. Sofia

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. New architectural concerns for color, light and shade, sculptural values and intensity characterize the Baroque.

The Baroque played into the demand for an architecture that was on the one hand more accessible to the emotions and, on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth and power of the Church. The new style manifested itself in particular in the context of new religious orders, like the Theatines and the Jesuits, which aimed to improve popular piety. By the middle of the 17th century, the Baroque style had found its secular expression in the form of grand palaces, first in France—as in the Château de Maisons (1642) near Paris by François Mansart—and then throughout Europe.

Salisbury Cathedral has the tallest spire in England

Batalha Monastery, Portugal, is an important example of a monastery with its church and other significant buildings dating from the Gothic period.

Parts of the Gothic cathedral (Notre-Dame de Chartres)

The western façade of Reims Cathedral, France.

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities, and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.

It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeal to the emotions. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.

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MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE

ZIGGURAT

A ziggurat "to build on a raised area" is a temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley and Iran, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories.

Ziggurats were a form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians of ancient Mesopotamia.The earliest examples of the ziggurat date from the end of the third millennium BCE and the latest date from the 6th century BCE.

The Mesopotamian ziggurats were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods. Through the ziggurat the gods could be close to mankind and each city had its own patron god.

Only priests were permitted inside the ziggurat and it was their responsibility to care for the gods and attend to their needs. As a result the priests were very powerful members of Sumerian society.

There are 32 known ziggurats near Mesopotamia. Four of them are in Iran, and the rest are mostly in Iraq. The most recent to be discovered was Sialk, in central Iran.

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GREEK ARCHITECTURE

TEMPLE

The temple was the most common and best-known form of Greek public architecture. The temple did not serve the same function as a modern church, since the altar stood under the open sky in the temenos or sacred fane, often directly before the temple. Temples served as storage places for the treasury associated with the cult of the god in question, as the location of a cult image, and as a place for devotees of the god to leave their votive offerings, such as statues, helmets and weapons. The inner room of the temple, the cella, served mainly as a strongroom and storeroom. It was usually lined by another row of columns. Some Greek temples were oriented astronomically.

THE GREEK COLUMN

he Greek used the column, as a pillar to support a building and occasionally as a freestanding monument. Columns may have a circular or polygonal cross section and are at least four times taller than they are wide. In classical architecture, a column is a shaft that usually rests on a base and is topped by an enlarged section called a capital.

The ancient Greeks developed three distinctive, carefully proportioned styles of columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. In all three styles, the surface of the shaft is grooved with shallow vertical flutings.

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Aqueduct of Segovia

Roman bridge at Chaves, Portugal

The Colosseum in Rome, Italy

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

The Architecture of Ancient Rome at first adopted the external Greek architecture for their own purposes, which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture. However, by the late Republic, the architectural style developed its own highly distinctive style by introducing the previously little-used arches, vaults and domes. A crucial factor in this development, coined the Roman Architectural Revolution, was the invention of concrete. The Romans, similarly, were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics and in the construction of arches.

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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

PYRAMID

Probably the most famous structure in all of Egypt, the Pyramids are still on of the worlds best architectural achievement, even though they were built many centuries ago. These structures can be as tall as 482 feet (147 m) high. The Pyramid towers over many other famous landmarks, including the Statue of Liberty.

The first true pyramid was build at saqqara for the king Zoser. It was called a step pyramid because of its step shape. The later pyramids were smooth sided, like the Great Pyramid at Giza, built for the king Khufu about 4,500 years ago.

COLUMNS

Scattered throughout Egypt, you may see some large brown columns. These structures are made of granite and they all have some hieroglyphics on it. You may see some sort of design on the top of the columns. Well, these designs are all based on things that are in Egypt. You may see the lotus flower, papyrus, palm, eight-sided column, and a proto-Dorix or sixteen-sided column. Each of these are all very interesting and fun to look at.

These columns were built to support buildings, obviously. However, many times, you see only the column standing. The reason being, is that the building which it was supporting was either torn down, fell down, or was destroyed because of vandalism. Lets hope that the columns that are left today will still be here tomorrow.

STATUES & MONUMENTS

Also scattered throughout Egypt are stone figures. These figures could look like a tiger, a king, and eagle, or maybe even a mixture of both. Perhaps the best know stone figure of them all is the Sphinx. It is a figure of a kings head who is wearing the striped headcloth (nemes). His body is that of a lion.

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